The sour orange tree, scientifically known as Citrus aurantium, is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and is widely cultivated in various regions around the world.
 
The sour orange tree has a dense and rounded canopy with glossy, dark green leaves that are ovate or elliptical in shape. The leaves emit a fragrant citrus scent when crushed or brushed against.
 
The fruit of the sour orange tree is round and medium-sized, typically measuring around 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.6 centimeters) in diameter. The skin is thick, textured, and rough, with a bright orange color when ripe. As the name suggests, the fruit has a sour and acidic taste, which distinguishes it from other citrus varieties. The flesh is juicy and divided into segments, similar to other citrus fruits.
 
While the sour orange fruit is not commonly consumed fresh due to its tart flavor, it is valued for its culinary uses and medicinal properties. The juice and zest of sour oranges are used in a variety of recipes, including marinades, dressings, marmalades, and desserts. In some cuisines, the bitter flavor of the sour orange is appreciated and used in savory dishes and sauces.
 
The sour orange tree is known for its hardiness and adaptability to different climates. It can withstand a range of temperatures and is well-suited for subtropical and Mediterranean regions. It prefers full sun exposure and well-drained soil for optimal growth.
 
In addition to its fruit, the sour orange tree is also valued for its ornamental qualities. It produces fragrant white flowers with five petals, which add beauty and fragrance to the tree when in bloom.